Germany

In Berlin, education is the responsibility of the state (Land) government, overseen by the Senate Department for Education, Youth, and Family (Senatsverwaltung für Bildung, Jugend und Familie). The language of instruction is German.

The Berlin school system is structured in multiple stages, offering various paths to obtain a school-leaving certificate. All public schools operate as all-day schools (Ganztagsschulen).

· Primary School and Early Learning Phase: The early learning phase lasts about two years, with students typically transitioning to secondary school after grade 6 based on their academic performance, teacher recommendations, and sometimes standardized test results. High-achieving students can switch to a foundational Gymnasium after grade 4.

· Gemeinschaftsschule: Students stay together from grades 1 to 10, with all school-leaving certificates available. The Abitur can be obtained after 13 years.

· Integrated Secondary School: Students transition after grade 6, with all certificates, including the Abitur after 13 years. Career programs and internships provide work experience.

· Gymnasium: Students earn the Abitur (university entrance qualification in Germany) after 12 years.

· Vocational Gymnasium / Upper Secondary Vocational Centers: Students choose from six professional fields, combining specialized courses with traditional subjects.

· Schools with a Special Educational Focus: These schools support students with disabilities or impairments, helping integrate them into society. A transfer to general schools is possible.

The science curriculum transitions from an integrated Natural Sciences approach in grades 5/6 to separate subjects (Biology, Chemistry, and Physics) from grade 7 onwards. It is organized in thematic strands and emphasizes four broad categories of competencies: Working with Subject Knowledge; Gaining Insights; Communication; and Evaluation. These competencies are developed progressively through different levels of achievement (A-H) aligned with various educational pathways and final qualifications (BBR, EBBR, MSA, Abitur).